Install Pavers Over Sand...

• rubber mallet
  
• level
  
• push broom
  
• plate compactor (optional)
  

To prevent the pavers from shifting, install edge restraints along each of the open borders. These can be actual paver restraints (like the ones shown in this picture), or you can use pipe, edging, or lumber. Anything that will properly hold the sand and pavers firmly and permanently in place.

You can also run mortar or concrete up against the outside edge of the pavers and then backfill over it. That way, the pavers themselves are the only thing you see.

Another, and more attractive alternative, would be to use concrete curbs that are specifically designed for the purpose of adding both an edge restraint and a pleasing border. Plus, they come in a wide variety of styles and colors to choose from.

Depending on the type of pavers you're using and whether or not your design calls for a unique layout, the edge restraints can be installed before or after the pavers.

In most instances, however, it's more convenient to put the restraints in place after the pavers are installed. Otherwise, you need to be extremely precise with regard to exactly where you put the restraints. By installing them at the end, there's no guesswork.

Of course, if you plan to use mortar or concrete to secure the boundary of your pavers, you'll definitely need to make that the final installation.

If your patio design calls for 90° corners, a good way to keep those corners true is to use what's known as the 3-4-5 triangle method of installing pavers.

By using these three dimensions and working in a triangle configuration, you'll establish a perfect 90° corner each and every time. If you start your pavers this way, you won't have to worry about your design layout getting off to the wrong start.

If you're working a circle pattern, you'll want to begin laying pavers in the center of the circle and work your way out and around. (Some say you should start at the outside and work your way in but this is generally way too complicated and demanding for most do-it-yourself installers.) For any other square or rectangular patterns, you should start your pavers in one of the corners.

As you place pavers, push them firmly onto the compacted bed of sand, using the head or butt end of a rubber mallet to tap each paver (if necessary) to position it down and level.

Periodically during installation, place a level atop the pavers crossways in both direction (width and length) as well as diagonally. This will ensure that each of the pavers are level to one another.

Also, place the level alongside the edge of your pavers to make certain you're continuing in a straight line. (It's extremely easy to get off line when you're focused on individual pavers.) If you do this frequently, you'll keep your design straight and true throughout the entire installation.

If you're installing pavers that fit tight, you simply need to place each of them so they butt up against one another. If you plan to space the pavers, it's not a good idea to "eyeball" the gap. Instead, use standard tile spacers or thin strips of wood to maintain consistent spacing.

NOTE: Some pavers are manufactured with "nubs" that allow for automatic spacing between them. In those instances, the pavers can be butted tight against each other (perfect for the first-time installer who might not feel confident about manual spacing).

Once all your pavers are installed, spread fine grit sand over the surface. (Although fine grit sand is superior, you can use the same sand you placed below the pavers.) Using a broom, sweep the sand into the crevices.

Spray the surface with water being careful not to dislodge the sand that's already in between the pavers. If necessary, add more sand and spray with water again.

Continue sweeping, adding sand, and compacting with water until all the spaces between pavers are firmly packed.

Although it's not required, a superior method is to use a plate compactor to both "seat" the installed pavers and vibrate the sand firmly into the joints.

If you plan to do that, make certain you protect the surface of the pavers. This can be accomplished by (1) placing a heavy bed of sand on top of the pavers, (2) attaching a protective pad to the plate of the compactor, or (3) putting down scraps of carpet or similar heavy material to cushion an unpadded compactor plate.

As long as you've protected the surface using one of those methods (attaching a protective plate pad is the best choice), you can go over the entire area with a plate compactor without fear of damaging any of the pavers.